WPC (,%B)K{~bOM,$Wݡ3f$)jIy:ǕJ>T9J?3M Oq&vnB!,7w@;} m QZ2^_N?ܦ~Ó4.U +{ tϟ@GX?ѨE?q= s.JVx 0 0j 0W 0W 0&j 09 0L 0_ 0t 0V 0" 0 0 0W 0 0 0[ 03 0 0 0v 0v~ 0 0}U" %( 0z. 0 1V 0[  0=% 0Fb 0P 1 0 B! 0O,%E{% 0}}% 0x% 0r&UB&U4A' 1u',(n<( 04( B)#!:)N[* 1u]*^ *w@*4+ 12++ 0c+ m, 15,@@,okJ, 1gw?www@@xoMx? 0P D+ 0KJ A[z^ J:Right Par[1]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..  23  Ԁ..0..zq 4:Right Par[2]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`   23  Ԁ..0` ..` z g:Right Par[3]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers.... ..   23  Ԁ` ..` 0 .. z :Right Par[4]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers........  23  Ԁ .. 0..z _:Right Par[5]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers........h..h  23  Ԁ..0h..hz ,:Right Par[6]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers............  23  Ԁh..h0..z w:Right Par[7]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..............  23  Ԁ..0..z J:Right Par[8]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..............p..p  23  Ԁ..0p..plC0 b:Technical[1]Technical Document Style    23  Ԁ     .. l8%:Technical[2]Technical Document Style   23  Ԁ   .. l5!6:Technical[3]Technical Document Style   23  Ԁ   .. l4!f:Technical[4]Technical Document Style   23  Ԁ   .. l::Technical[5]Technical Document Style..   23  Ԁ. l::Technical[6]Technical Document Style..   23  Ԁ. l::Technical[7]Technical Document Style..   23  Ԁ. l:R:Technical[8]Technical Document Style..   23  Ԁ. Va8Document[1]Document Style  @..    23  Ԁ     Ԉ V8\8Document[2]Document Style   23  Ԁ   VH8Document[3]Document Style..   23  Ԁ   V$8Document[4]Document Style..   . V 8Document[5]Document Style0..  V 8Document[6]Document Style8..  V1 8Document[7]Document Style0..0` ..`   V1 8Document[8]Document Style0..8` ..`   NX9 ! C@R& 8BibliogrphyBibliography0....jD4Tech InitInitialize Technical Style(   (  CuyTechnicalTechnical Document Style11.11.1.11.1.1.11.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1fE2Doc InitInitialize Document Style( #  ( !"($0 ($0 0 (($0 0 0  A_ekqwDocumentDocument StyleI.1.A.a.(1)(a)i)a)x?t2PleadingHeader for Numbered Pleading Paper %  &?(   XX@            XX?1''*dE*??1''*dE*?\\1\\2\\3\\4\\5\\6\\7\\8\\910111213141516171819202122232425262728  .+('2?$ 0T!   p4Heading 2Underlined Heading Flush LeftV4Heading 1Centered Heading@..  b* 8Bullet ListIndented Bullet List0..0` ..` \  `*Times New RomanTT2 `CG TimesWN CRight ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)#|x NX9 ! C@XX@Q@( T$   dHP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Enhanced0##37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)* {&tyle0(CEKQW]cioAutoList1A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(;3$2#  0  .3  0  U(UhCEKQW]cioAutoList31.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.>C:\FPM\WPW\SNPLABS\TIME5.GIFWPC``NNN``   !!!"""###$$$%%%&&&'''((()))***+++,,,---...///000111222333444555666777888999:::;;;<<<===>>>???@@@AAABBBCCCDDDEEEFFFGGGHHHIIIJJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]^^^___```aaabbbcccdddeeefffggghhhiiijjjkkklllmmmnnnooopppqqqrrrssstttuuuvvvwwwxxxyyyzzz{{{|||}}}~~~FN !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccddhhhhhhhhhhhhh !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccddhhhhhhhhhhhhh !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccddhh !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccdd߀hh !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccddhh !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccddhh !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccddhh !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccddhh !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccddhh !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccddhh !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccddhh !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccddhh !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccddhh !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccddhhhhhhhhhhhhh !!""""##%%%%&&''''))****++,,,,....//00001122334455556677889999::;;<<==>>>>??AAAABBCCCCDDEEFFGGGGHHIIJJKKKKLLMMNNOOPPPPQQRRSSTTUUUUVVWWXXYYZZZZ[[\\]]^^^^__````bbbbccddhhhhhhhhhhhhhDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DD--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DDDD-DD-DDDD-DD-DDDD-DD-DDDD-DD-BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBDDDD-DD-BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBDDDD-DD-BBBBBBBBBBBBDDDD-DDBBBBBBBBBBBBBDDDD-DDBBBBBBBBBBBBBDDDD-DDBBBBBBBBBBBBBDDDD-DDBBBBBBBBBBBDDDD-DDBBBBBBBBBBBBBDDDD-DDBBBBBBBBBBBBDDDD-DDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBDDDD-DDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBDDDD-DDDDDD-DDDDDD-DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD݈UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDDDDDDDDDDD-DDDD݈UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDDDDDDDDDDD-DDDD݈UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDDDDDDDDDDD-DDDD݈UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDDDDDDDDDDD-DDDD݈UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDDDDDDDDDDD-DDDD݈UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDDDDDDDDDDD-DDDD݈UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD݈UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD݈UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDwwwwwwwwwwwwwDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDwwwwwwwwwwwwwDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDwwwwwwwwwwwwwDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDwwwwwwwwwwwwwDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDwwww#####wwwwDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDwwww#####wwwwDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDwwww#####wwwwDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDwwww#####wwwwDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDwwww#####wwwwDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDwwwwwwwwwwwwwDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDwwwwwwwwwwwwwDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDwwwwwwwwwwwwwDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDwwwwwwwwwwwwwDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD߀(EhCEKQW]cioAutoList21.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.=@:C:\FPM\WPW\SNPLABS\TIME5.GIFC:\fpm\wpw\snplabs\time5.GIF~b@[6Bp 4>4>DC:\FPM\WPW\SNPLABS\TIME2.GIFWPC``QQQ``   !!!"""###$$$%%%&&&'''((()))***+++,,,---...///000111222333444555666777888999:::;;;<<<===>>>???@@@AAABBBCCCDDDEEEFFFGGGHHHIIIJJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]^^^___```aaabbbcccdddeeefffggghhhiiijjjkkklllmmmnnnooopppqqqrrrssstttuuuvvvwwwxxxyyyzzz{{{|||}}}~~~HQGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCGGGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCGGGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCGGGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCGGGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCGGGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCGGGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCGGGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCGGGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCGGGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCGGGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGC@:C:\FPM\WPW\SNPLABS\TIME2.GIFC:\fpm\wpw\snplabs\time2.GIFdRV@[6Bp ((3-$ 0T!   'dxd( $ Figure  1  Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5\W[Z I&mage <=8C HKKKK 0T!   _  XTXX@+XTXXXTNAME_________________________________      THESKY&THEECLIPTIC  b   cOX'p x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AXcx[X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX'Xx6X, XX` X60   1.  SetupStarryNightforequatorialorientation. d(#(# L 8(#4L :3     :32  A  .3  0    Settings,Orientation,Equatorial:3݌ J(#(# Ќ   :3     :32  B  .3  0    Sky,Daylight(off):3݌ 0(#(# Ќ   :3     :32  C  .3  0    Guides,Equatorial,Grid:3݌  (#(# Ќ   :3     :32  D  .3  0    Guides,Equatorial,Equator:3݌  (#(# Ќ   :3     :32  E  .3  0    Guides,Constellations,Labels:3݌ (#(# Ќ   :3     :32  F  .3  0    Guides,Constellations,Boundaries:3݌x (#(# Ќ  7X` XX, X7  2.0  Use[Selection,Find,...]tofindeachofthefollowingobjectsintonight'ssky.Recordeach *z  object'scoordinates(inyellowatthetoprightpartofthescreen)andconstellation.PloteachpositionontheEquatorialSkyChart,usingthesymbolsbelow. (#(#   lOX'm I2 x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX` Xl '  m RA I DEC 2 CONSTELLATION  XX' / hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?A X'm I2 X '  h / m h   o{XX' N hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX' / hX{  rOX'p x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX' N hXrrUX' hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX'Xr ' SSun ________ h ________   p _________________________ t  ' MMoon ________ h ________   p _________________________ @  ' RMercury ________ h ________   p _________________________  \  ' VVenus ________ h ________   p _________________________ (  ' AMars ________ h ________   p _________________________   ' JJupiter ________ h ________   p _________________________ p!   ' TSaturn ________ h ________   p _________________________ <#"  ' UUranus ________ h ________   p _________________________ %X $  ' NNeptune ________ h ________   p _________________________ &$"& oOX'p x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX' hXo0 ' Isthereanypatterntothesepositions? '(#'(#   l*%* L ?Eh((8L :3     :32Eh  3  .3  0 '   Use(Selection,Find,Sun)to_refind_ԀtheSun.PlacethecursorontheSunandrightclick,then b scrolldownandchoose_Centre_/Lock.IntheTimeTool,placethecursoronthemonthandthecursorwillchangetoatriangle.Click,andtwosmallertriangleswillappearimmediatelytotheleftofthemonthnumber.:3*݌ '(#'(# Ќ  mwC9)%`z0% `; E  mmwC9)%`z0% `; E  mmw=9)%`z0a `; Ey . } Zm . . (#(# . . . .  . . . .  . . . .  . . . .  . . . .  . . . .  (#(#. . 0 ' Theuptrianglewillincreasethemonthnumber.Clickonce,andthedisplaywillchange.RecordthecoordinatesoftheSunandtheconstellationinwhichitresides.Repeatthisfor12months.RecordtheSun'scoordinatesandconstellationbelow.ThenplotthesecoordinatesontheEquatorialSkyChart. '(#'(#   rUX' hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX'XroOX'm I2 x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX' hXo '  m RA I DEC 2 CONSTELLATION  XX' / hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?A X'm I2 X '  h / m h   o{XX' N hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX' / hX{  rOX'p x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX' N hXrrUX' hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX'Xr ' 1Sun ________ h ________   p _________________________ Z  ' 2Sun ________ h ________   p _________________________ &v  ' 3Sun ________ h ________   p _________________________ B  ' 4Sun ________ h ________   p _________________________   ' 5Sun ________ h ________   p _________________________   0 ' 6Sun ________ h ________   p _________________________V"!'(#'(# uUX' hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX' hXu0 ' 7Sun ________ h ________   p _________________________"$r#'(#'(#  ' 8Sun ________ h ________   p _________________________ %>!%  ' 9Sun ________ h ________   p _________________________ ' #'  ' 10Sun ________ h ________   p _________________________ )$)  ' 11Sun ________ h ________   p _________________________ R+&+  ' 12Sun ________ h ________   p _________________________  -n(- oOX'p x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX' hXo  Itshouldbeabundantlycleartoyou,asitwastoearlyskywatchers,thatthepathoftheSunintheskythroughouttheyeartracksalongalinecalledtheecliptic.Theregionofeclipticisknownasthe H zodiac,andtheconstellationsinthisregionareknownasthezodiacalconstellations.Earlyastronomerscouldnot,ofcourse,seethestarsduringtheday.TheyknewwheretheSunwasbyobservingeclipses!    4.0 ' UsetheTimeTool,changingthemonthand/orday,tomoveaboutintimetofindthedate    whentheSunisatthefollowingcoordinates. '(#'(#   lOX' p x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX'Xl ' RA=0h _____________ ^   ' RA=6h _____________ *z   ' RA=12h _____________ F  ' RA=18h _____________  0 ' Whatisthesignificanceofthesedates? '(#'(# 5.0 ' GiventhattheSunappearstotravelthroughtheskythroughouttheyear,explainthe p!  observationthatdifferentconstellationsareseenatnightfromseasontoseason. '(#'(#   &$"&   6.0 ' Use[Guides,Ecliptic,TheEcliptic]toturnontheecliptic,displayedingreen.Nowgrabthe b displaywiththecursorandmoveuntilthecenterisnearthepositionRA=6h,withthegreen H eclipticalsonearcenter.Withthecursorontheeclipticline,pressandholdtheCTRLkeyandmovethecursoruntilitindicatesasclosetoRA=6haspossible.Recordthedeclinationofthe  d eclipticwhereitcrossesthe6hRAmarker.__________ J'(#'(# 0 '   ' GrabthedisplaywiththecursorandmoveuntilthecenterisnearthepositionRA=18h.    Repeattheprocessabovetodeterminethedeclinationoftheeclipticwhereitcrossesthe18h    RAmarker.__________ '(#'(#  ' Explainthesignificanceofthesevalues.lLX'` p x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX' Xl0 '  7. ' Earlyobserversoftheskynotedthatsomeplanets,whicharecalledsuperior,appeartoreverse  theirdirectionofmotionintheskyasviewedagainstthebackgroundstars.Thisphenomenon,calledretrogrademotion,occurswhenevertheplanetisoppositetheSunintheskyasseen t fromEarth.ThetimenearoppositionofasuperiorplanetistheoptimumtimetoobserveitfromEarth,sincetheplanetandEarthareclosesttogetherinspaceatthattime.(AlthoughthiswasnotknownuntiltheHeliocentricsolarsystemwasunderstood.) '(#'(# 0 ' IntheTimeTool,changethedateto8/01/2001.ThenintheTimeStepboxwhereitshows minutes,clickandscrolltochoosedayssolar. '(#'(# 0 ' Use[Guides,Ecliptic,TheEclipticoff]toremovetheeclipticline.FindAldebaran,andnoticethebrightplanetSaturnJupiterjustaboveit.Zoomto30ousingthezoomfeatureintheToolBox.   RightclickonSaturnJupiterandscrolltochooseTrackCelestialPath '(#'(# 0 ' IntheTimeTool,therightmostarrowatthebottomcausesthetimetoadvance3dayseachtimeitisclicked.Beginsteppingahead,andnoticethatSaturnJupiterismovingtotheeast,asitnormallydoes.However,bylateSeptember,itslows,thenreversesitsdirectionandheadswest.Thisisretrogrademotion.ThiscontinuesuntillateJanuarynextyear,whenSaturnJupiterslowsagain,thenreturnstoitsnormaleastwardmotion. '(#'(# 0 ' Bysteppingforwardorbackward,estimatethedateofthemidpointofthisretrogradeloop.0@"'(#'(# '(#'(# oOX` p x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX'` pXo ` DateofOppositionfor@@$SaturnJupiter:  _______________ l*%* oOX'p x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX` Xo0 ' RightclickagainonSaturnJupiterandclickoffTrackCelestialPath.IntheToolBox,select\ 8,', StandardFieldofView.-n(-'(#'(# Ї0 '  8. ' Thesesameobserversnotedthattwoplanets,MercuryandVenus,arealwaysneartheSun,and b arecalledinferior.Thetimeneargreatesteasternelongationofaninferiorplanetisthe H optimumtimetoobserveitfromEarth,sincetheplanetisnotonlynearEarth,butalsoisfarawayinangularextentfromtheSun. '(#'(# 0 ' IntheTimeTool,pressNowtoreturntothepresent.FindtheSun,andrightclicktochoose_Centre_/Lock.NoticeMercuryjusttothesouthandeast.PlacethecursoronMercuryandrightclicktochooseSelectMercury.  '(#'(# 0 ' Beginsteppingaheadintime,andnoticeMercuryasitmovesrelativetoheadsawayfromtheSun.Bysteppingforwardorbackwardintime,estimatethedatewhenMercuryappearstobefarthestawayfromtheSun.YoumaywishtostepbackandforwardnearGEEtomakean instantreplaycall. '(#'(# oOX` p x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX'Xo ` DateofGEE#Mercury:  _______________ ` oOXrp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX` XoInanearlierexperimentyoufound(perhapstoyourdismay)thattheSunisnotalwaysintheconstellationcorrespondingtoyourastrologicalSunsignonyourbirthday.Letusexaminethisphenomenon.9.0 r DragthedisplayuntiltheVernalEquinox,RA=0h,DEC=0oiscentered.Inwhat Z constellationdoestheVEreside?____________________ r(#r(# 0 r IntheTimeTool,setthedateto3/21/100BC.InwhatconstellationdidtheVEreside?____________________ r(#r(# 0 r Thus,theoriginoftheequatorialcoordinatesystem,theVernalEquinox,movesoverthecenturies.Thisisoneconsequenceofthephenomenonknownasprecession. r(#r(# 10.0 r IntheTimeTool,setthedatetoyourbirthday,monthandday,butleavetheyearat100BC. V"! InwhatconstellationdidtheSunreside?____________________ r(#r(# 0 r WhatisyourastrologicalSunsign?_____________________ r(#r(# 0 r NoticethecloseragreementbetweenyourastrologicalsunsignandthelocationoftheSun.Inthe2000yearssinceastrologywasconcocted,precessionhasmovedtheVernalEquinoxfromAries,throughmostofPisces,andis'dawningintheAgeofAquarius'. r(#r(#   )$) ThereissomecontroversysurroundingtheageoftheGreatPyramidonthe_Giza_ԀplateauinEgypt.AlthoughthereisarcheologicalevidencethattheGreatPyramidisabout5000yearsold,someclaimthatthepyramidmaybe10,000yearsold.Egyptiansatthetimewroteofthepositionoftheirpolestar,_Thuban_,alpha,intheconstellationDracothedragon.Oneofthetunnelsinsidethepyramidpointsto_Thuban_,iftheeffectsofprecessionareincluded,sinceprecessionalsomovesthepositionoftheNorthCelestialPoleamongthestars.Assuch,thepolespositioncanbeusedasakindofclocktoestablishthedatetheconstructionofthepyramid,withinacenturyorso.11.0 r Find_Thuban_.IntheTimeTool,changetheTimeStepUnittoYears,andtheTimeStepto   100.Beginsteppingbackintimeinthese100yearsteps,andnoticethepoledrawingcloserto_Thuban_.Estimatethedatewhenthepolewasclosestto_Thuban_.___________________ r(#r(# 0 r AstronomersusethisdateasthemostlikelyperiodoftimeduringwhichtheGreatPyramidwasconstructed. r(#r(# oOXp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AXrXo+,,X+XT!!?(#,,",,+,30July2001,X<X,,,"